Injuries to the muscles and other soft tissues of the body often require a course of physical therapy in order for the patient to regain normal body movement. Therapeutic exercise is an important component in most physical therapy regimens and it can effectively aid in not only easing pain, but also restoring range of motion, balance, strength, and flexibility.
The patient's movement abilities will be assessed and his or her medical history will be taken by the physical therapist. Based on this information, a personalized training plan of specific exercises will be devised to present the patient with increasing physical challenges that will promote healing. The first step is to overcome pain, and then continuing on to regain bodily endurance, flexibility, and strength.
Exercises in a physical therapy program are classified by the type of movement and its effect on the body. Passive exercise applies an external force to the affected muscles, often by way of a mechanical device such as a continuous passive motion unit or manually by the therapist, these help to restore normal motions to the joints. Active exercises are those which require the patient to the work the muscles at least somewhat, possibly with assistance at first, and help improve neuromuscular control and joint movement.
Other activities are prescribed to help patients regain strength and endurance in the muscles which have been injured. This is normally added to the program once the patient can safely perform basic flexibility and range-of-motion movements without help. Progressive resistance is added to the routine at a steady rate to gradually build back lost strength in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones, which is the body's natural response.
Strength training moves are categorized as either dynamic or static. The latter are movements that don't require articulation of the joints, which means the length of muscle fibers is not affected and muscular tension and resistance are in a state of equilibrium. The angle of static moves is what contributes to strength development, performing them using multiple angles and holding each move for several seconds is most effective.
Dynamic exercises require muscle and joint involvement and can be sub-grouped as isotonic, isokinetic, variable-resistance, and manual movements. What each of these has is common is that it results in concentric and eccentric muscle action, which is the lengthening and shortening of fibers, generating force. This repetitive stretching of muscle-tendon bundles eventually boosts tensile strength.
Isotonic movements are those which lengthen the muscle by means of an externally applied force that imposes a change on the angle of the joint. Examples include the use of free weights, ankle weights, and weight machines. Variable-resistance exercises involve limited force production by the muscles when the joints are in extreme positions of range-of-motion. There are machines to apply resistance relative to force with proper joint alignment. Manual resistance is similar except that it is performed with the therapist's assistance rather than a machine.
An isokinetic exercise is performed at a fixed speed and the resistance is equal to the force exerted by the muscle. There are machines built to provide movement of this kind, which match the force to the user's degree of muscle resistance, and can be adjusted in terms of velocity, concentric and eccentric action.
The patient's movement abilities will be assessed and his or her medical history will be taken by the physical therapist. Based on this information, a personalized training plan of specific exercises will be devised to present the patient with increasing physical challenges that will promote healing. The first step is to overcome pain, and then continuing on to regain bodily endurance, flexibility, and strength.
Exercises in a physical therapy program are classified by the type of movement and its effect on the body. Passive exercise applies an external force to the affected muscles, often by way of a mechanical device such as a continuous passive motion unit or manually by the therapist, these help to restore normal motions to the joints. Active exercises are those which require the patient to the work the muscles at least somewhat, possibly with assistance at first, and help improve neuromuscular control and joint movement.
Other activities are prescribed to help patients regain strength and endurance in the muscles which have been injured. This is normally added to the program once the patient can safely perform basic flexibility and range-of-motion movements without help. Progressive resistance is added to the routine at a steady rate to gradually build back lost strength in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones, which is the body's natural response.
Strength training moves are categorized as either dynamic or static. The latter are movements that don't require articulation of the joints, which means the length of muscle fibers is not affected and muscular tension and resistance are in a state of equilibrium. The angle of static moves is what contributes to strength development, performing them using multiple angles and holding each move for several seconds is most effective.
Dynamic exercises require muscle and joint involvement and can be sub-grouped as isotonic, isokinetic, variable-resistance, and manual movements. What each of these has is common is that it results in concentric and eccentric muscle action, which is the lengthening and shortening of fibers, generating force. This repetitive stretching of muscle-tendon bundles eventually boosts tensile strength.
Isotonic movements are those which lengthen the muscle by means of an externally applied force that imposes a change on the angle of the joint. Examples include the use of free weights, ankle weights, and weight machines. Variable-resistance exercises involve limited force production by the muscles when the joints are in extreme positions of range-of-motion. There are machines to apply resistance relative to force with proper joint alignment. Manual resistance is similar except that it is performed with the therapist's assistance rather than a machine.
An isokinetic exercise is performed at a fixed speed and the resistance is equal to the force exerted by the muscle. There are machines built to provide movement of this kind, which match the force to the user's degree of muscle resistance, and can be adjusted in terms of velocity, concentric and eccentric action.
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